薅羊毛电报群（www.tel8.vip）是一个Telegram群组分享平台。薅羊毛电报群包括薅羊毛电报群、telegram群组索引、Telegram群组导航、新加坡telegram群组、telegram中文群组、telegram群组（其他）、Telegram 美国 群组、telegram群组爬虫、电报群 科学上网、小飞机 怎么 加 群、tg群等内容。薅羊毛电报群为广大电报用户提供各种电报群组/电报频道/电报机器人导航服务。

TOKYO: Self-drive trains will be operating on Tokyo’s Yamanote Line next month, during a trial of an automation system that East Japan Railway Co (JR East) hopes to roll out in 2028.

A driver and conductor will be on board in the initial stages, but JR East aims to have one operator per train or even unmanned services in the future.

The Yamanote Line will utilise Level 2 automation, marking the first full-scale trial at that level on a railway line with railroad crossings and a large number of passengers.

There are five internationally-recognised levels used to describe train automation, from Level 0, manual operation with no automatic train protection, to Level 4, unattended train operation.

During rush hour in the morning, Yamanote Line trains stop every three minutes at Yurakucho Station in Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo. Earlier this month a JR East official there explained the aims of the automation trial.

“At first, we’ll run two 11-car trains and collect data for analysis,” the official said.

The automation system, which controls acceleration and deceleration, and automatically applies the brakes when a train approaches a station, is linked to the Yamanote Line’s signalling system.

The driver’s main role will be to respond in an emergency, such as a person on the tracks or a car stuck on a railroad crossing.

JR East will observe passenger conditions and energy efficiency during the trial and will use the results to make improvements in the future.

tài xỉu bóng đá la gì（www.84vng.com）：tài xỉu bóng đá la gì（www.84vng.com） cộng Chơi tài xỉu uy tín nhất việt nam。tài xỉu bóng đá la gì（www.84vng.com）game tài Xỉu đánh bạc online công bằng nhất，tài xỉu bóng đá la gì（www.84vng.com）cổng game không thể dự đoán can thiệp，mở thưởng bằng blockchain ,đảm bảo kết quả công bằng.

The Yamanote Line trial in October will utilise Level 2 automation, under which crew members are in the cab but driving is controlled by the system.

In Level 3 automation, the driver’s cab is unattended but crew members are on board the train.Level 4 automation, which involves completely unmanned operation, is currently in use on the Yurikamome line, which connects the Tokyo districts of Shinbashi and Toyosu.

Even though Japan’s first automated transit system, the Port Liner, was launched in Kobe in 1981, from the viewpoint of safety, full-scale rollouts on transit systems with railroad crossings, complex routes and high passenger numbers have been seen as a challenge.

Level 2 automation has already been implemented on some Tokyo Metro lines and the Tsukuba Express line.

West Japan Railway Co is also conducting self-driving tests on the Osaka Loop Line.

However, none of those lines have railroad crossings that are easily accessible by pedestrians. The Yamanote Line has one railroad crossing.

“If we can make the self-driving system work on a line with a crowded timetable, we can do it on other lines,” JR East said.

One of the main advantages of automatic train operation is labour savings, even at Level 2.

Although an operator still needs to be in the driver’s cab, the workload is reduced.